How is he during the day? I only ask because if he is his normal self in the day then it is highly unlikely that it is his teeth keeping him awake a night. My dd is the same age and spends her days grumbling and biting everything she can get her hands on when the teething is really bad (she has two teeth already) but once the pain relief kicks in she is her normal smiley self until it wears off. At night she goes down as normal aslong as she has had her calpol, and wakes at her normal times (12-1ish and 3.30-4ish) to feed. If I were in your position I would be tempted to try 'controlled crying' to see if it is just a bad habbit he has gotten himself into, he may just have discovered that he likes having mummy cuddle him to sleep. I know some people do not agree with controlled crying - I used to be one of them - but it really does work. My dd refused to nap in the day unless I held her which was causing all sorts of problems. At my mum and baby group one of the women said I should let her 'cry it out' and I was horrified, but when I looked into it it wasnt as cruel as it first sounded. Within a couple of days of using the method below my daughter began taking naps in her carrycot with minimal fuss.
The first thing you need to do is make sure he has some pain relief and all of his needs are catered too, but once you are sure all of his needs have been met then try swaddling him in a blanket (I find that this stops my dd from wacking herself in the face) and laying him down in his cot. If he starts to cry make a shushing sound and stroke his face or pat gently on his tummy. Time how long you are letting him cry for, I never let my dd cry for longer than 2 minutes. If he doesnt stop within the time you are comfortable with pick him up, give him a cuddle and then put him down and repeat the method, leaving him a little longer each time before picking him up. Do not pick him up and hold him for longer than a minute, and do not bounce or rock. What your little one will learn is that mummy isnt going to abandon him, but it is time for sleep. When he wakes in the night try using the shush and stroking his face before picking him up and hopefully he should resettle.
hth x